- Two drugs that can treat colitis are azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). These and other immunomodulators work on the patient's immune system, reducing inflammation. These drugs are taken orally. Unfortunately, azathioprine and 6-MP can sometimes take up to six months to actually work. These drugs shouldn't be taken unless the patient is being regularly monitored by a physician.
- Prednisone, methylprednisone and hydrocortisone can also help treat colitis, which in turn can avoid cancer. These drugs and other corticosteroids reduce inflammation and can work even on truly severe cases of colitis. The downside comes with the drugs' side effects: facial hair, diabetes, hypertension, acne, weight gain, loss of bone mass, mood swings and decreased immunities. As such, using these drugs for extended periods of time is not recommended. For short periods, though, they can be quite effective.
- Drugs that contain 5-aminosalicyclic acid (5-ASA) can also fight inflammation. Drugs that fall into this category include olsalazine, mesalamine, balsalazide and sulfapyridine. Side effects include heartburn, diarrhea, nausea and headaches. These drugs can typically be taken orally, though they are also available in enema form. 5-ASA drugs are recommended for those with mild colitis; they can get rid of the problem early before it gets severe and possibly morphs into cancer.